What is MOCA? Human Uniqueness Compared to "Great Apes":. Human Universality:. Individual Universal All Individuals Everywhere. MOCA Domain:. Anatomy and Biomechanics. Melanie Beasley. Possible Appearance:. Probable Appearance:. References Metopic suture of Taung Australopithecus africanus and its implications for hominin brain evolution , Falk, D.
The evolution of hominin ontogenies. Brain size at birth throughout human evolution: a new method for estimating neonatal brain size in hominins.
The morphogenesis of wormian bones: a study of craniosynostosis and purposeful cranial deformation. A juvenile early hominin skeleton from Dikika, Ethiopia. Brain ontogeny and life history in Homo erectus. Early brain growth in Homo erectus and implications for cognitive ability.
The Juvenile Skeleton , Scheuer, L. Premature craniosynostosis-a complication of thyroid replacement therapy. Adolescence Duration and Characteristics. Adolescent Growth Spurt. After evaluating the majority of the research available and discussing these studies with some experts in the field, we have found that the following timeline is an appropriate average that can provide some clarity to the families that have these questions. Please note that some studies have indicated that suture closure may not be controlled by age but may be related to other biological factors not yet understood due to lack of research available.
It is important to also note that the obliteration of skull sutures has never been a reliable tool of age indication, thus telling us that these numbers may or may not accurate. It is important to note that the skull is divided into two distinct portions; the neurocranium which surrounds the brain and the viscerocranium which form the lower face and jaws.
The neurocranium is further divided into the membranous neurocranium and the cartilaginous neurocranium. The term premature cranial suture synostosis signifies premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures. Altered skull shape is diagnostic and in most cases, will be the primary indicator of Craniosynostosis. Because brain expands faster than the surrounding bones do, having flexible sutures and membraneous areas fontanelles in diverse places of the cranial vault will allow the rapid stretching of the cranium, while brain volume increases.
Therefore, the late fusion of Fontanelles and sutures allow the postnatal growth of cerebral volume. See picture below to acknowledge the brain volume during different stages of life in comparison to an adult sized brain. Another role of Fontanelles and sutures is at birth.
Additionally, Fontanelles and sutures also protect brain from minor impacts of head, as during infancy and childhood babies are learning how to hold their head up, roll over, and sit up. How many Fontanelles and cranial s sutures are we born with? Generally, the humans are born with 6 Fontanelles :. What happens when Fontanelles and cranial sutures ossified?
On ce they fully ossify no further expansion of the braincase is possible.
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