Eventually, the mushroom stalk, also inside the egg, elongates. Under ideal conditions, stalks may elongate in as little as one half-hour. The tip of the horn or cap is often covered with green, sticky slime that has a bad odor.
This slime contains sticky spores and attracts flies that spread the fungal spores. The fully developed fruiting body may range from 6 to 10 inches in height and is more or less horn shaped. They are all saprophytes, which grow on manure or decaying wood. Since these fungi live only on decaying plant matter, they do not harm living plants.
They can also be found on old boards used to edge garden beds and on wooden plant labels and stakes. All of these fungi can forcibly eject their spores in hard egg-like structures called peridioles. These structures can be ejected 3 feet or more. The sticky spore cases adhere to plant leaves and other surfaces, including home siding and patio furniture. These fungi are rarely noticed unless they are brought indoors on container-grown plants.
The first sign is shiny black or dark brown growths that look like seeds or insects on the leaves. These are the egg-like structures that have been ejected by the fungi. They can be picked off the leaves. To help control these fungi, remove any fungal fruiting bodies from the surface of the soil.
Repot the plant in a potting medium that does not contain manure or wood to prevent the fungi from returning. The peridioles of bird's nest fungi are splashed out of the nest by falling water drops.
The dimensions and shape of the nest are such that the force of a water drop hitting the bottom of the cup is enough to throw the peridioles over one yard from the nest. Doctors have said that it is of utmost importance to control diabetes, reduce steroid use, and discontinue immunomodulating drugs.
To maintain adequate systemic hydration, the treatment includes infusion of normal saline IV before infusion of amphotericin B and antifungal therapy, for at least weeks.
Experts in the task force have stressed the need to control hyperglycemia , and monitor blood glucose level after discharge following Covid treatment, and also in diabetics. One should use steroids judiciously — correct timing, correct dose and duration are important. Mucormycosis can lead to loss of the upper jaw and sometimes even the eye. Be it the eye or upper jaw, these can be replaced with appropriate artificial substitutes or prostheses.
One should remember that it is a rare disease. However, some groups of people are more vulnerable than others. Experts advise that you use masks if you are visiting dusty construction sites. Wear shoes, long trousers, long-sleeved shirts and gloves while handling soil gardening , moss or manure. Maintain personal hygiene including a thorough scrub bath. While cases are on the rise, there has been no major outbreak.
Niti Aayog member health Dr V K Paul said at a media briefing that there has been no major outbreak and they were monitoring cases being reported.
Dr Soman is one of the expert members who drafted the advisory as part of the national Covid task force. But these essential drugs have the potential to induce substantial side-effects, including kidney damage.
Often, a surgical intervention is also needed. In less severe cases doctors insert an endoscope through the nasal cavity and remove any diseased tissue.
If the infection has spread further, the surgeons may need to remove the eyes or the jaw bone. At the Samadhan Dental Super Specialty Center in Dhule, Maharashtra, oral and maxillofacial surgeons Rajesh and Shrenik Oswal have since April treated nearly 50 former COVID patients with mucormycosis of the jaw, 25 of whom have had their jaw fully or partially removed to stop the disease spread. Pre-pandemic, he would encounter two to three mucormycosis cases every year. For now, though, these unexpected infections have brought new challenges for patients who are already physically, emotionally, and financially depleted from a recent COVID infection.
The surging demand for antifungal medication has created an acute shortage, giving rise to a back market for drugs that were already too expensive for most people to afford. In an overwhelmed healthcare system, finding hospitals where mucormycosis patients can get surgery and post-operative care can be another logistical nightmare. To prevent such infections in the first place, public health experts stress that hospitals maintain hygiene, especially for equipment that dispenses oxygen.
They advise that doctors prescribe steroids judiciously and suggest regular monitoring of blood sugar levels for all COVID patients in the hospital and at home, even in the post-recovery period.
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